The 10 best dandruff shampoos to treat flakes and itching, per experts

There is nothing fun about flakes falling from your scalp — luckily one of the best dandruff shampoos can help.

First things first: what is dandruff? The condition arises “when there is inflammation mixed with yeast overgrowth on the scalp skin that results is an overgrowth and flaking off of the top layer of skin cells,” , a board-certified dermatologist at Schweiger Dermatology Group and clinical instructor at Mount Sinai department of dermatology, told Post Wanted.

What is the most effective shampoo for dandruff?

The best shampoo for dandruff depends on your preferences: consistency, scent and overall experience. Clean, gentle ingredients are important when choosing a dandruff shampoo or topical solution.

“Salicylic, lactic, and glycolic acids are ideal for removing scalp buildup by acting as a solvent for dead skin cells, oil and clogged follicles,” Jay Small, a certified trichologist, licensed hairstylist and co-founder of , shared with Post Wanted. “Different from an abrasive scalp scrub, these are chemical exfoliants that can remove debris but not scratch or stress a sensitive scalp. Pyrithione zinc and ketoconazole are excellent antimicrobial and anti-fungal ingredients that will address itching and irritation due to an abundance of Malassezia.”

To help make your scalp as healthy as can be, Post Wanted rounded up the best dandruff shampoos to try ASAP and called upon experts to answer some of your most-asked questions on the topic. After testing more than 30 of the best shampoos this year — along with the best dry shampoos and personalized haircare brands — these formulas are some of our favorites.

Best for Removing Scalp Buildup:

The OUAI Anti-Dandruff Shampoo is excellent for tackling scalp buildup due to its powerful combination of active ingredients. It contains pyrithione zinc, a well-known ingredient that helps control dandruff by targeting the yeast that causes flakiness and irritation. This reduces scalp buildup, leaving it feeling fresh and clean without stripping away its natural moisture. Its gentle formula allows it to be used regularly without causing dryness or discomfort, so it’s great for those who struggle with persistent scalp issues.

“OUAI’s shampoo contains 2% salicylic acid, which is really effective for removing scalp buildup,” Small said. “It’s paired with gentle cleansers to cleanse but not irritate sensitive scalps.”

Additionally, the OUAI Anti-Dandruff Shampoo is designed to nourish and hydrate the scalp, preventing future buildup. The infusion of hydrating ingredients like shea butter and coconut oil helps maintain scalp health while also promoting a balanced skin environment. Together, these ingredients work to soothe irritation and moisturize, breaking up existing buildup and preventing the recurrence of flakes. By regularly using this shampoo consistently, users can maintain a healthier, flake-free scalp that is less prone to excessive oil and residue accumulation.

Active ingredient: Pyrithione zinc | Size: 10 fluid ounces

---

Best for Addressing Bacteria:

Keeps Ketoconazole Shampoo 2% is an effective treatment for addressing bacteria due to its active ingredient, ketoconazole, which is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent. Ketoconazole works by inhibiting the growth of fungi and certain bacteria on the scalp, which can help prevent and treat conditions such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and folliculitis. This shampoo also helps to create a healthier scalp environment by reducing the number of microorganisms that thrive on the skin, including harmful bacteria.

“This is a great way to access prescription-grade ketoconazole from the comfort of your home, bed or bathroom,” Small said. “This ingredient is great for addressing the microbial, fungus and bacteria caused by Malassezia. I would recommend pairing with Arey Scrub which will directly address the build up that causes the yeast to form, while ketoconazole breaks down the Malassezia.”

In addition to its antifungal properties, Keeps Ketoconazole Shampoo 2% also provides anti-inflammatory benefits, which can help reduce scalp irritation that often accompanies bacterial and fungal overgrowth. This makes it particularly beneficial for those suffering from itchy, inflamed or irritated scalps, as it not only combats the underlying infection but also soothes the symptoms associated with bacterial imbalances. Regular use of the shampoo can help restore the scalp’s natural balance, preventing the overgrowth of bacteria and reducing the likelihood of further infections or flare-ups.

Active ingredient: Ketoconazole | Size: 4 fluid ounces

---

Best for Sensitive Scalps:

The Jupiter Anti-Dandruff Balancing Shampoo is an excellent choice for individuals with sensitive scalps, thanks to its gentle yet effective formula. The shampoo is crafted with soothing ingredients that help reduce irritation, while still addressing the root cause of dandruff. It is free from harsh sulfates and parabens, which can often exacerbate scalp sensitivity and dryness. Instead, the shampoo uses plant-based cleansers to remove excess oil and flakes without stripping the scalp of its natural moisture.

“For those looking for an alternate ingredient to ketoconazole, Jupiter’s shampoo uses pyrithione zinc,” Small said. “This ingredient is an equally great choice in breaking down the cell membrane of yeast which is the source of irritation. I love this shampoo because it is effective and enjoyable as Jupiter has focused on using clinically effective ingredients in modernized, approachable formulas.”

This shampoo is a great option for those who experience redness or discomfort from stronger, more abrasive dandruff shampoos. It’s infused with calming ingredients like aloe vera and tea tree oil, which are known for their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. These ingredients help to relieve itchiness, soothe irritation, and promote a healthy scalp environment. Its mild formula ensures that those with sensitive skin can enjoy the benefits of dandruff treatment without compromising comfort, too.

What’s more, it’s also formulated coconut oil and algae extract, which “will help the scalp with dandruff but also hydrate intensely,” per Greenfield.

Active ingredient: Pyrithione zinc | Size: 9.5 fluid ounces

---

Best Clean:

The KAMEDIS Scalp Control Anti-Dandruff Shampoo stands out as an effective solution for those battling dandruff. Its formula is carefully crafted with natural ingredients that target the root causes of dandruff while being gentle on the scalp. The key active ingredients, such as birch bark and linden flower, work to soothe and calm irritated skin, helping to reduce flakes and itching without causing dryness or stripping the scalp of essential moisture. It’s best for individuals with sensitive scalps or those prone to irritation from harsher dandruff shampoos.

What truly sets KAMEDIS apart is its focus on balancing scalp health. The shampoo not only addresses dandruff, but it also promotes a healthier, more resilient scalp. Its anti-inflammatory properties help to reduce redness and irritation, while its gentle cleansing action removes excess oil and debris that can contribute to dandruff build-up. By restoring scalp equilibrium, the KAMEDIS Scalp Control Shampoo prevents dandruff from reoccurring, making it an excellent choice for long-term dandruff control. It’s also void of sulfates, parabens and artificial fragrances, ensuring a more natural and scalp-friendly solution to dandruff.

“When treating extreme cases of dandruff or you’re looking for a 2-in-1 solution, Kamedis OTC is a great choice,” Small said. “This product combines salicylic acid to combat scalp build-up, along with pyrithione zinc to address microbial and fungal growth. Unlike most products that combine these ingredients from both categories, Kamedis has created a clean, clinically proven way to remove 100% of dandruff, within one bottle.”

Active ingredients: Birch bark, Linden flower | Size: 6.7 fluid ounces

---

Best Value:

The Head & Shoulders Clinical Strength Dandruff Defense Dry Scalp Rescue Shampoo is a great value due to its powerful and effective formula that tackles both dandruff and dry scalp. It is designed to provide long-lasting relief from itching and flaking, offering a clinical-strength solution without a prescription. The shampoo works by deeply moisturizing the scalp while combating dandruff, so rest assured it’s a versatile option for individuals dealing with scalp irritation and dryness.

“The Head & Shoulders Clinical Strength is a more potent version of the regular Head & Shoulders and uses selenium sulfide to treat dandruff and dry scalp,” Greenfield explained. To help hydrate your hair, Amazon has a two-pack — with the paired conditioner — for less than $20.

Another reason this shampoo offers great value is its high-quality ingredients that promote scalp health without being harsh on the hair. Its gentle cleansing action removes buildup while ensuring that the hair and scalp retain moisture. This means that, in addition to treating dandruff, it can improve overall hair condition, leaving it feeling soft and looking shiny. The generous bottle size ensures that you get plenty of use for the price, making it a reliable and affordable choice for maintaining a healthy scalp in the long term. Delivering noticeable results with consistent use, it’s a cost-effective solution that can help users avoid more expensive treatments or dermatological visits.

Active ingredient: Selenium sulfide | Size: 13.5 fluid ounces

---

Best for Dry Scalp:

The Dove Damage Therapy Dryness & Itch Relief Anti-Dandruff Shampoo offers a soothing formula that addresses both dryness and discomfort. Its combination of ingredients helps to deeply nourish the scalp, providing hydration and replenishing essential moisture (which is key to alleviating dryness, which often leads to itching and irritation). The shampoo is designed to gently cleanse the scalp, removing flakes and impurities without stripping it of its natural oils, which can exacerbate dryness and irritation. Regular use helps to restore the scalp’s health and prevent recurring dryness.

According to Greenfield, “this is a very well priced shampoo using pyrithione zinc as an active ingredient to treat dandruff.”

Its active anti-dandruff ingredients help to reduce the growth of dandruff-causing fungi, while also calming inflammation and itching. With its balanced formula, it not only helps to clear flakes but also prevents further dryness and irritation, leaving the scalp feeling comfortable and refreshed.

Active ingredient: Pyrithione zinc | Size: 12 fluid ounces

---

Best Splurge:

As one of the best haircare brands I tested, Briogeo continues to impress with its anti-dandruff shampoo, packed with salicylic acid to cleanse excess oil from the scalp, sans stripping. “This product uses salicylic and lactic acids to fight both flaking dry skin and dandruff,” Greenfield said. “These ingredients will also help alleviate oil and dead skin buildup.”

Chwalek also recommends this shampoo. “The charcoal and AHA/BHA shampoo has charcoal and tea tree oil, which help to control flaking and seborrheic dermatitis (by helping to gently exfoliate the scalp and control oil production),” she added. “This shampoo also is formulated with glycerin, coconut oil and hyaluronic acid to help hydrate and moisturize the scalp and hair.”

Active ingredients: Charcoal, Salicylic acid | Size: 8.4 fluid ounces

---

Best for Pre-Cleansing:

TLDR: amika is my favorite haircare brand (just read my full brand review as proof). Its Reset Pink Charcoal Pre-Cleansing Oil is effectively formulated and, with a targeted nozzle, easy to use and help treat dandruff.

It’s an effective solution for dandruff due to its unique blend of ingredients that target the root causes of dry, flaky scalp conditions. The pre-cleansing oil contains activated charcoal, which is known for its ability to draw out impurities and toxins from the scalp. This helps cleanse the scalp deeply, removing product buildup, excess oils, and environmental pollutants that can contribute to dandruff. The oil’s gentle yet effective formula ensures that it doesn’t strip the scalp of its natural oils either, which is essential for maintaining a healthy balance and preventing further irritation.

Infused with nourishing ingredients like jojoba oil and grapeseed oil, which hydrate and soothe the scalp, reducing dryness and itchiness often associated with dandruff. These oils provide essential moisture to the skin, helping to restore the scalp’s natural barrier.

“Charcoal and clay have both been found to help maintain skin health and balance,” Greenfield noted. Impressively, they’re both found in this product.

Active ingredient: Charcoal | Size: 6.7 fluid ounces

---

Best for Fungal Rashes:

Selsun Blue Moisturizing Anti-Dandruff Shampoo is one of the top formulas for treating dandruff and fungal rashes due to its active ingredient, selenium sulfide. This powerful antifungal agent works by reducing the presence of , a fungus that thrives on the scalp and is a major cause of dandruff. Selenium sulfide helps to control the overgrowth of this fungus, thereby reducing flaking and itching, which are common symptoms of dandruff.

According to , a board-certified dermatologist at Schweiger Dermatology Group, Selsun Blue’s Moisturizing Anti-Dandruff Shampoo is a great yeast-fighter. “It can also be great for some fungal rashes of the body,” she added.

Additionally, this shampoo helps to alleviate scalp irritation, which can often lead to the formation of rashes when left untreated. By treating the root cause of dandruff, Selsun Blue can provide long-lasting relief and reduce the frequency of flare-ups.

Active ingredient: Selenium sulfide | Size: 11 fluid ounces

---

Best Scent:

The Nizoral Anti-Dandruff Shampoo is highly effective in treating dandruff due to its active ingredient, ketoconazole. Ketoconazole, as noted, is an antifungal agent that helps to combat the root cause of dandruff, which is often linked to an overgrowth of yeast on the scalp. By reducing the fungus, Nizoral helps to control the flaking, itching, and irritation associated with dandruff.

Impressively, Nizoral’s Anti-Dandruff Shampoo has 1% Ketoconazole, which is an “ingredient used as an anti-yeast medication,” per Shah. With a fresh and clean scent, it’s a great, well-priced buy to help your scalp in the long run.

Nizoral also offers a refreshing, clean scent that enhances the overall hair care experience. The light, crisp fragrance helps to neutralize any lingering odors and leaves the hair smelling fresh throughout the day. Unlike some medicated shampoos, which can have a harsh or medicinal smell, Nizoral provides a pleasant and subtle aroma that ensures your hair smells as good as it feels after treatment. This makes it both lovely and effective to use.

Active ingredient: Ketoconazole | Size: 7 fluid ounces

---

An FAQ on Dandruff

What is dandruff and what causes it?

Dandruff is known as flaking, irritation and itchiness on the scalp that is caused by a fluctuation in oil production and/or increased skin cell shedding on the scalp.

“Often we think dandruff means dry, but in actuality, it is commonly caused by skin cells that are ‘glued’ or ‘stuck’ to the scalp by the oils called sebum that our body naturally produces,” Small said. “Increased sebum can be caused by the environment, diet medications or hormonal changes. When these cells and oil aren’t removed by washing your hair and scalp, a yeast called Malassezia forms on the scalp and can cause itchiness and irritation that leads to scratching and then skin flaking on the hair strands, shoulders and beyond.”

Which ingredients should I avoid in a dandruff shampoo?

When treating dandruff, avoid ingredients that are harsh or overly abrasive that may cause further irritation.

“Some to look out for would be sulfates, parabens, synthetic fragrances or salt or sugar-based scrubs,” Small listed. “Sugar scrubs are generally more gentle but both can cause irritation and aren’t scientifically formulated to remove build-up or neutralize microbes, fungus or bacteria that results in Malassezia.”

How do I properly use a dandruff shampoo?

According to Small, start by applying the shampoo to the areas that are most irritated or have the most buildup. “Often, this is the back of our heads or in the crown of the head, in which case I suggest flipping your head over and applying the shampoo to the crown or nape of the head first,” he added. “I would also advise gently detangling the hair and gently stimulating the scalp before going into the shower. This will help break apart clumps and ensure that the product will be able to access the entire scalp.”

Small also recommends detangling before you go into the shower because dry hair is so much stronger than wet hair.” I have clients who will apply shampoo, and then use a scalp scrubber in the shower and, in my opinion, this can over-stretch the hair follicle and the hair strand. Detangling hair while dry will decrease breakage and unnecessary hair shedding.”

How often do I use dandruff shampoo?

When dandruff symptoms like flaking, itching and scalp irritation are present, aim for every other day until you notice your scalp is looking and feeling better.

“Treat dandruff shampoo like a medication you would take when you are sick, continuing use until you feel better and symptoms have gone away,” Small tipped off. “If you don’t wash frequently enough or consistently with the products that contain the appropriate ingredients you may find your scalp isn’t able to fully resolve the issue. This may result in an ongoing struggle with dandruff-related symptoms.”

What type of conditioner should I pair with a dandruff shampoo?

When choosing a conditioner, select one based on your hair texture, density, or if you use hair dye or lightener.

“Conditioner isn’t recommended to be applied on the scalp; I recommend using conditioner from the mid shaft to the ends of your hair,” Small said. “The oil we spoke of earlier – called sebum – is produced by the body and intended to condition the first few inches of your hair closest to the scalp. The risk in applying conditioner to the scalp is that you will leave a residue or potentially clog the hair follicles if not rinsed properly.”

What is pyrithione zinc?

Pyrithione zinc is derived from zinc and aspergillic acid, and together they form a powerful antimicrobial, antibacterial and antifungal ingredient.

“When used for dandruff, pyrithione zinc will inhibit the growth of Malassezia, by disrupting the yeast cellular membrane,” Small explained. “This is why when using products that contain this ingredient it is important to continue use until the symptoms have minimized significantly or cleared up entirely.”

What is ketoconazole?

Ketoconazole is derived from an imidazole ring and works by breaking down ergosterol, a major component of the cell membrane in fungus that includes Malassezia and others. Similar to pyrithione zinc, it is recommended to use this ingredient until the symptoms have minimized significantly or cleared up entirely. 

What age should I start using a dandruff shampoo?

Dandruff can affect people of all ages. If you feel symptoms of dandruff, first increase the frequency of shampooing with your current shampoo.

“If this doesn’t resolve the symptoms, then it is time to try a shampoo or treatment that removes buildup and another that addresses the yeast imbalance and growth,” Small added.

---

Why Trust Post Wanted by the New York Post

This article was written by Victoria Giardina, New York Post Commerce Journalist & Content Strategist, who has spent countless hours researching, testing hundreds of products and comparing the latest makeup, skincare, hair and beauty items and trends to determine what’s truly worth your hard-earned cash. She evaluates formulas, textures, ingredients and more, in addition to consulting medical and industry experts. Some of Victoria’s latest conquests include testing the best vitamin C serums on the market, and a rinse-and-repeat review of the best shampoos of 2025. Victoria, who received a beauty industry essentials certification from the Fashion Institute of Technology, has been creating shopping guides for the New York Post since 2021 and previously held positions at Insider Reviews and CNN Underscored.

---